中高考英语【主谓一致】的就近、就远原则
第一：就近一致（8个）【二二得四】
2——here be，there be,
2——not…but，not only…but also
4——or，either…or，neither…nor，whether…or
第二：就远原则（15个）
1个as well as——还有as well as
2 个例如——诸如such as, like
3 个than——rather than, more than, no less than
4 个with——with, along/together/combined with
5个除了——but, except, besides, in addition to, apart/aside from (≠including)
细化：
第一：就近一致（8个）【二二得四】
二——here be，there be,
《柯林斯高阶英汉双解学习词典》第2751页there词条
there用来引导可数名词复数时，后面通常跟动词be的复数形式：
There were policemen everywhere. 到处都是警察。
然而，当引导一系列用and例句的单数名词时，其后通常用be的单数形式：
There is a time and a place for everything. 任何事物都有存在的时间和空间。
There was a street fair and an old-fashioned brass band.
正好有一场街头游乐会，还有一支老式铜管乐队在演奏。
《牛津英语语法要点精讲》第273页
在there后面的动词与其补语呼应。
There was a party at the office. 办公室有一个聚会。
There were parties all over town. 全城到处都是集会。
注意：
在非正式口语中可能会听到there’s用在复数前面。
There’s some friends of yours outside. 外面有你的几个朋友。
二——not…but，not only…but also
《英汉多功能学习词典》第1010页not词条
not A but B 不是A而是B
Not Henny but Ellen supports the family. 养家的不是亨利而是埃伦。
《牛津英语语法要点精讲》第271页
在not only…but also后面的动词与最近的短语呼应。
Not only Paul but also some of his friends are buying the horse.
不但保罗而且他的几个朋友都打算买那匹马。
Not only his friends but also Paul himself has a share in the horse.
不仅是他的朋友，保罗自己也拥有那匹马的一部分。
得四——or，either…or，neither…nor，whether…or
《牛津英语语法要点精讲》第270页
如果两个短语由or连接，动词通常和最近的一个一致。
Either Thursday or Friday is OK by me. 星期四或星期五对我都行。
Either the Internet or these books are where you’ll find the information.
在互联网或这几本书里你都可以找到这个信息。
《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》第1390页neither词条
neither和nor用于连接两个主语时，动词形式应与其相近的主语一致。
Neither my father nor I am going to the meeting.
我爸爸和我都不去参加会议。
《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》第1409页nor词条
neither和nor用于连接两个主语时，动词形式应与其相近的主语一致。
Neither my mother nor I am going there today.
妈妈和我今天都不去那儿。
《麦克米伦高阶英汉双解词典》第1393页neither词条
neither…nor(…nor)既不…也不…；不…也不…；…和…都不
Neither his son nor his daughter were at the funeral.
他的儿子和女儿都没有参加葬礼。
第二：就远原则（15个）
1个as well as：还有as well as
《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》第2375页well词条
as well (as)也；又；还
The coach, as well as the team, is ready. 教练和球队都已到位。
《英汉多功能词典》（外研社 双色版）第2417页well词条
A as well as B不但…而且…
My son has asthma as well as allergies. 我儿子不但患了哮喘，而且还有过敏症。
Nancy as well as you is diligent. 南希和你都很勤奋。
（这种句子结构中，谓语动词的单复数和as well as之前的主语保持一致）
He makes films as well as he acts. 他不仅演电影还制作电影。
《牛津英语语法要点精讲》第271页
与as well as或with连用的短语不会使主语变成复数。
The kitchen, as well as the dining room, faces due south.
除了餐厅，厨房也朝向正南。
2 个例如：诸如such as, like
《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》第2099页such词条
such as例如，比如（用于引出一个或一系列例子）；像…样的；诸如此类的
In cases such as (= like) this (one), it’s best to be cautious.
像这样的情况，最好谨慎处理。
Questions such as the one you’ve asked are difficult to answer.
像你问的那种问题很难回答。
《麦克米伦高阶英汉双解词典》第2098页such词条
Large and important projects such as this one often take years to develop.
类似这样的重大项目往往要耗费数年时间来建设。
3 个than：rather than, more than, no less than
《英汉多功能学习词典》第1199页rather词条
A rather than B与其B不如A，不是B而是A（A和B在语法上是相等的要素）
You, rather than Joe, should have driven the car. 本来应该是你开车，而不是乔。
（——本句should have driven的主语当然是You，从语义上可知）
《文馨当代英汉词典》第1205页more词条
more than one/a…比一个更多，不止一个（意思虽系复数，用法却为单数）
More than one student has said so. 不止一个学生这么说。
《英汉多功能学习词典》第966页more词条
More than one student has complained. 不止一个学生抱怨。（more than one用作单数，More students than one have complained. 用作复数，此句虽然较为合乎语法，但却显得生硬。）
4 个with：with, along/together/combined with
《牛津英语语法要点精讲》第271页
与as well as或with连用的短语不会使主语变成复数。
Paul, together with some of his friends, is buying a racehorse.
保罗和他的几个朋友打算买一匹赛马。
5个除了：but, except, besides, in addition to, apart/aside from (≠including)
《COBUILD英汉双解词典》第249页but词条13
but除…之外，除了
She couldn’t eat anything but cucumbers. 她除了黄瓜，什么都不能吃。
It could do everything but stop. 它什么都能做，就是停不下来。
All but one of the thieves were caught. 除了一个之外，所有的贼都被捉住了。
《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》第187页besides词条
besides除了…之外（还），而且
Besides it is famous cakes, the bakery also makes breads and cookies.
除了蛋糕之外，这家面包店还作美味可口的面包和曲奇饼干。
《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》第25页addition词条
in addition to除…之外（还）；与…一起
In addition to soup, several salads were served. 除汤之外，还上了几道沙拉。
There were six people at the meeting in addition to me.
除我之外还有六个人参加了会议。
《英语词汇用法手册》第17页apart from, except for, except词条
Apart from you/Except for you, everyone has helped in some way. （译文同上）
（不能用Except you）
《韦氏高阶英汉双解词典》第107页aside词条
aside from 1. not including (something); with the exception of (something)除了
Aside from (= apart from, except for) a few pieces of bread, the food is gone.
除了几片面包，什么食物都没了。
2017年12月08日
